Dissimilar devices can not communicate with each other unless a strict set of communication standards is followed. Such standards are commonly referred to as protocols. A protocol is a set of rules required to initiate and maintain communication between a sender and receiver device.
Because an organization’s network typically evolved over numerous years, it is often composed of a mixture of many types of computers, transmission channels, transmission modes, and data codes. To enable diverse systems components to communicate with one another and to operate as a functional unit, protocol conversion may be needed. For example, it may be necessary to convert from ASCII to EBCDIC. Protocol conversion can be accomplished via hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
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